Cardiovascular Test

ApoA1 and ApoB give a detailed view of cholesterol balance — ApoA1 reflects protective HDL particles, while ApoB represents atherogenic LDL particles that promote plaque build-up. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk, offering more precision than standard cholesterol tests. Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a genetic marker that can elevate heart disease risk even when other lipid levels are normal. Measuring both provides early insight into hidden or inherited cardiovascular risks, guiding targeted prevention.

Lipids and cholesterol are fat-like substances in your blood. Some are necessary for good health, but when you have a high level of cholesterol in your blood, a lot of it ends up being deposited in the walls of your arteries and other vital organs. Lifestyle choices including diet, exercise and alcohol intake can all influence cholesterol levels and your risk of developing heart disease.

There is growing evidence that atherosclerosis (fatty build-up in artery walls) is an inflammatory process. The inflammatory markers homocysteine and hsCRP levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Blood glucose is generated from carbohydrates and to use this fuel for energy your body needs insulin. With type 2 diabetes the cells either ignore the insulin or the body doesn't produce enough of it. Glucose then builds up leading to problems with the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels.

The HbA1c diabetes test measures the average amount of sugar attached to your red blood cells for the past several months. It provides an accurate diagnosis of diabetes, whether that's Type 1 or Type 2. Unlike a regular blood sugar test, the HbA1c blood test is not affected by short-term changes, so even though you may have had high blood sugar on occasion, a good HbA1c result can show that you’re doing a good job of controlling your blood sugar levels over time.